feat: add context budget system for LLM overflow (#19)

Adds a budget package that estimates token usage and progressively
trims context to fit within model-specific limits.

Trim order (least important first):
1. Language patterns
2. Repository conventions
3. Full file context
4. Diff (truncated as last resort)

When content is trimmed, a note is appended to the user prompt so
the LLM knows context was reduced.

- New budget package with Fit(), EstimateTokens(), LimitForModel()
- Model limit table (GPT-4.1: 128K, GPT-5: 200K, Claude: 200K)
- Refactored review/prompt.go: BuildSystemBase() and BuildUserMeta()
  extract non-trimmable content; old functions delegate to new ones
- main.go uses budget.Fit() instead of direct prompt assembly
- 7 unit tests covering all trim paths

Closes #19

review/prompt.go

@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 )
 
-// BuildSystemPrompt constructs the system prompt for the LLM reviewer.
-func BuildSystemPrompt(conventions, patterns string) string {
+// BuildSystemBase returns the core system prompt instructions without
+// patterns or conventions. Used by the budget package to separate
+// trimmable from non-trimmable content.
+func BuildSystemBase() string {
 	var sb strings.Builder
 
 	sb.WriteString("You are an expert code reviewer. Review the provided pull request diff carefully.\n\n")
@@ -42,6 +44,15 @@ func BuildSystemPrompt(conventions, patterns string) string {
 	sb.WriteString("- Line numbers should reference the new file line numbers from the diff headers.\n")
 	sb.WriteString("- If the diff is empty or trivial (only formatting/whitespace), APPROVE with no findings.\n")
 
+	return sb.String()
+}
+
+// BuildSystemPrompt constructs the full system prompt with patterns and conventions.
+// Deprecated: Use BuildSystemBase with budget.Fit for context-aware assembly.
+func BuildSystemPrompt(conventions, patterns string) string {
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	sb.WriteString(BuildSystemBase())
+
 	if patterns != "" {
 		sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("\n\n## Language Patterns & Idioms\n\nUse the following patterns as review criteria. Code that violates these established patterns is a finding:\n\n%s\n", patterns))
 	}
@@ -53,8 +64,9 @@ func BuildSystemPrompt(conventions, patterns string) string {
 	return sb.String()
 }
 
-// BuildUserPrompt constructs the user message with PR context.
-func BuildUserPrompt(title, description, diff, fileContext string, ciPassed bool, ciDetails string) string {
+// BuildUserMeta returns the PR metadata header (title, description, CI status)
+// without the diff or file context. Used by the budget package.
+func BuildUserMeta(title, description string, ciPassed bool, ciDetails string) string {
 	var sb strings.Builder
 
 	sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("## Pull Request: %s\n\n", title))
@@ -73,6 +85,16 @@ func BuildUserPrompt(title, description, diff, fileContext string, ciPassed bool
 		sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("CI Details: %s\n", ciDetails))
 	}
 
+	return sb.String()
+}
+
+// BuildUserPrompt constructs the user message with PR context.
+// Deprecated: Use BuildUserMeta with budget.Fit for context-aware assembly.
+func BuildUserPrompt(title, description, diff, fileContext string, ciPassed bool, ciDetails string) string {
+	var sb strings.Builder
+
+	sb.WriteString(BuildUserMeta(title, description, ciPassed, ciDetails))
+
 	if fileContext != "" {
 		sb.WriteString("\n### Full File Context (modified files)\n\n")
 		sb.WriteString(fileContext)